Unit 8 stuffs

Analogue:

Analogue is the broadcasting of encoded audio signals, transmitting sound waves, and video waves showing what colours have to be used, and the brightness of the colour.
The earliest analogue televisions originally used spinning disks with holes imprinted in to scan an image, with another disk to then recreate the image on the television, but since the creation of the Cathode-Ray tube, that spreads or 'writes' the image faster and more efficient than the disk method. Whereas recently more and more people are moving from analogue to mediums such as digital and satellite, with Sky being one of the most popular in the UK. 

On-Demand:

On demand having only recently become popular down to the releases of several on demand internet resources, some of these being ITV player, BBC iPlayer, and 4oD. In 1994 in England a VOD service formed a major part of the Cambridge digital Interactive Television trial- Now known as Virgin Media. These on demand services having recently been promoted by several other platforms such as Xbox and playstation have become one of the most popular forms of viewing media. These services can also be used online to view programmes you may have missed, there footage on the demand services are deleted after several weeks to make more room for new programmes to get uploaded onto the site. By 2006 there were 142 VOD services available in europe, and by 2009 this number had increased to approximately 650, that was mostly down to the increasing popularity of television shows and party because of the lack of time people have throughout weekdays to watch certain shows.


Internet:

The internet has developed over the years from having to use services such as AOL to BT infinity ever since the creation of computers in the 1950's. Several causes for the development of the internet are due to the companies that use it as a medium, for example the company Youtube work entirely over the internet, and other sites such as ebay and amazon for example. The use of the internet has also developed along with itself from being restricted to only using it from computers to now using wifi and 3G to access the internet on mobile devices. Using the internet has also been a popular medium for film and television production studios to sell productions not just to computers and other mobile devices but also on gaming consoles that have begun to partner up with these companies to further push sales and audiences. 

Pay Per View:

The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s companies like the american TV stations  HBO and Showtime stated using a pay per view system to make a small amount of extra cash on there wrestling programs with prices ranging from £3.99 to £49.99. Now though this has spread to this UK and channels such as sky box office provide a pay per view service on all big boxing matches. The future if this service is looking good as you can now buy daily subscriptions to sky sports which is the most popular pay per view service in the UK.  Pay per view is where something on television will be broadcasted for a set price and to watch this you would have to buy the channel, the programme is then broadcasted at a set time where you would have to tune in to watch the channel. An example of this would be watching sky box office and buying a film to view that would begin at the same time as everybody else watching it. People in the UK can access pay per view services via cable, satellite and over the internet, with sports covering most of the available programmes as of 2009. 

Shooting on Film 

The first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions. Until this time all cameras used film to shoot on. Though today there are many ways to shoot a movie digitially there are still many directors and film companies which prefer the good-old fashioned method of shooting on film. Movies today which are shot on film include Django Unchained, The Fighter, The Master and Lincoln. This proves that film is very much alive and will never be fully replaced by digital as it has the backing and is the chosen method of big directors such as Quentin Tarrentino and Stephen Spielberg.  Cinema goers also have been used to the "film look" and to change to digital would upset that trend. This is similar to the circumstance last year when viewers of The Hobbit complained about the newly introduced 48 fps because it moved from the standard 24 fps.

High definition

 Modern-day HDTV as we know it was started in Japan by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation in 1970.  The JBC in 1980 came up with the concept of which included, among other things, the definition of wide screen format and 1100-line scanning structure which was the basis of HD. After 35 years of development, high definition television is finally available in the consumer marketplace. a 1080p HDTV offers about six times the Quality of a rahular 480p SDTV signal. HDTV also features a wider (16:9) aspect ratio format which is closer to what the human eye sees.  The future of HD is in jerpoady though as the new higher resolution 4K HDTVs will soon take over.  

digital Recorders

As I mentioned earlier the first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions and at the time was a revolutionary technology as it cut out so much of the then considered costly and inefficient process of shooting on film. There are disadvantages of shooting digitially for reasons such a you can't achieve the true "film look" that film obviously can and unlike when shooting in film everything has to be backed up after each shot. But the advantages outweigh the disadvantages such as you don't have to wait for the film to be developed and more majorly there is no cost of the film your shooting on. Films such as the hobbit, the hunger games and sky fall are examples of fils shot on digital recording equipment. 

Job roles and working patterns

Job Roles:

Management

Production Managers run productions for  the Producer and the Line Producer. They help to determine the most efficient and economic way to schedule shoots,also to negotiate business deals for crews, locations and technical equipment, and make day-to-day production decisions. They have to be excellent communicators and prepared to work very long hours, and also be able to react calmly under intense pressure. The job is usually quite challenging but well paid, usually on a freelance basis. To gain a job in this sector you must have a lot of experience in the industry.  

Creative

Some examples of creative roles would be directors, script writes and casting directors. These jobs are mostly dedicated to making the film accurate and realistic for the audience, in horror films for example these people are very important as make-up managers would be included as a creative job roll. Directors work for very long intensive hours as they control lots of aspects of production and are involved in all of the film. There are several director roles in every production, there is the Film director, Assistant director and second assistant director.

Editorial

Editorial jobs in the television and media industries mostly include you having to edit and produce productions and publish content, these editorial jobs vastly range throughout industries as they are needed in jobs such as Newspapers, online news and many other productions. When in an editorial job you often work from offices and at home and are expected to wok to deadlines like technical jobs sometimes for journalists and other colleagues, you often co-operate with other groups of people, often research teams. The average salary for somebody with an editorial job is around £25,000 and have entry requirements of a Higher National Diploma.

Technical

Some examples of technical roles in Television and films would be such jobs like sound editors, Foley sound editors, Camera men and really just any technical roles that require techniques as such. These roles would often require you to create products, like certain shots or sounds that would have to produce to the employers specifications, they would often be working on set of a production and co-operating with directors.

The wage for these kinds of jobs start around £23,000 and could go up to £40,000 with working hours typically 9-5 and could be more as deadlines are sometimes set so extra hours would be needed.

Research

Research job roles include Location, cast, audience and production research. These jobs often work along side other jobs in the same industry, an example of this would be people in financial jobs within the industry. Research would often be done in pre production.There are several different types of research that would be requested, quantitative and qualitative, and primary and secondary. People with these jobs would first work for minimal payment or for free before getting a full time job. Freelance and short term contracts are often used for payment. 

Financial

Jobs within this sector would include, accountants or financial management, the wages can vary depending on previous experience, they can go up to 38-45,000 pro rata. These jobs would work along side most of the other roles within the industry, for example some of these jobs would work along side organisational job roles. These roles would require you to constantly watch over the funding of the production, you would be payed per contract for a fixed rate and would have to work for a fixed time. 

Organisational

Directors are the head of all roles in the film industry.  They decide what happens in the film or programme. Sometimes they are assigned a script to follow but they can sometimes write their own which they can change freely. Directors are paid an annual sum of £70,000 on average. Some well known directors are, Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott and Christopher Nolan. Producers are also in charge of a lot of job roles, as you can see in the image below. The producers and directors are often involved in most if not all of the jobs under them in the hierarchy. As directors such as Quentin Tarantino do, directors that are involved in every aspect of a production are known as auteurs.

 Admin

Administration roles include such jobs as Marketing managers. These jobs would include having to constantly monitoring the market for any trends, exploring ways of improving existing products and also identifying productions that have been successful. Jobs within this sector would regularly work with researchers on a regular basis, they would mostly work from an office or at home for on average 37 hours a week. The average salary for an administration job is £25-30,000. These jobs often require training, and the qualifications needed for these jobs are usually a higher national diploma, or a degree.

Working patterns:

Shift work

This is where someone would be given a select shift- time period to work in. These shifts are divided up into day, and night shifts. Some Jobs within the media industry that are based on shift work would be mostly administration jobs. Advantages to doing a shift job is that the employee behind the job will turn up at a set time and leave at a set time, making the job easy to control.

Fixed Term:

Fixed term working patterns are where an employee works to a specific contract that both starts and ends at a particular time. there are several special rules for being on a fixed term contract. The jobs that often would be on a fixed term contract would be research jobs, as film studios would often hire somebody to research for example the geo demographics of a specific films audience. The advantages of this are that as an employer you know exactly what you are going to get at the end of the term therefore making it a very safe way of collecting primary information. 

Office hours:

Office hours are the hours of which business would normally be conducted,9-5. jobs within the media that go on office hours would be Administration and research jobs, with specific roles being marketing design and direction and product improvement. With the marketing working in conjunction with the research team, working with focus groups and then improving the products marketing campaign.

Freelance:

A Freelancer doen't work from 9-5, as they can spend their own allotted time on a project. jobs within the media are not set hours and take a long time to complete,examples of these jobs would be editors. People on freelance will often be set a deadline for the completion date and will do the job in their own time for a set fee upon the jobs completion. 

Hourly rates:

The hourly rates depend on what job it is; an example of this would be that a cameraman gets payed £23.84 an hour, the minimum amount being £10.05 and the maximum amount £39.71. The hours you would normally do as a cameraman would alternate depending on the filming times and often work long shifts covering days and nights. 

Piece work:

piece work is when someone makes a piece of work and gets paid for it. this work takes as long as it takes to complete. An example of this would be set design. Piece work would often include signing a contract with a set deadline and payment with the employee working in their own time as long as they can just 

Foley sound Planning Matrix & Animation combined

The Matrix Foley Sound

For The Matrix we will need the following sounds:

-A gunshot sound 04-10 and 14-16 For this we could use an air rifle shot, or just create a loud banging sound, perhaps by dropping something of a large weight, or slamming something that weighs a lot.

-A punching sound 00-01 For this sound we can either punch something of a similar texture and consistency of human flesh, hence punching meat is a viable option.

-A falling sound 03-04 We can drop/ throw something on the floor of a similar weight and texture of a human body, for this we could drop something like a full bag, or some meat. 

-A newspaper tearing sound 04-05 For this we can just rip a newspaper as is done in the clip, or if we can't find a newspaper we can always just tear some paper with our hands.

-Phone/ Radio sounds 10-13 For this we could just get a radio and tune it slightly out of a radio station, so you can hear the voices and the static.

-Shouting 36-37 For this we can find the actual clip, hear what is being shouted and then copy it in our own version and fit it into the clip.

-Footsteps 13-14 For this sound we will need to get several different footstep sounds on a hard floor, like tiles or marble with boots on like the men in the clip and overlay them over each other to make it sound like there are multiple people.

-Picking up a bag 20-21 For this sound we can just use a bag filled with something and swipe it along a table made from a similar material. Or we can get similar fabric and rub it along a similar material that the table is made from.

-Throwing gun on floor sound 22-23 and 24-25 For this sound we can get a shape of similar size, mass and material as the gun and drop in on the floor as is done in the clip, or we can gather a collection of different sounds and merge the all together to create one sound. 

-Gun drawing sound 25-26 For this we can scrape an object against another objects of similar materials, or find an object that resembles a gun and draw it like what is done in the clip.

Animation Foley sound:

The first sound we need on this clip is a stirring and steaming/ bubbling sound. We can get this sound by boiling some water and recording the sound, to merge with this sound we can use a metal scraping sound to resemble the stirring of the spoon. We can get the bubbling sound by just boiling a pan of water. After this we will then need to get a dripping sound for the water falling off of the spoon when the spoon is taken out of the water. Following this we will then also need a pepper grinding sound when he grinds something into the pan, we can get this by just grinding something and record the sound. After this we will need a sound for the glass cup being picked up, and then the liquid dripping into the mix, for this one we can just re use the previous dripping sound from the spoon foley sound. We will then need to get another stirring sound of a knife, then record a sound of a can being picked up, with a higher volume steaming sound overlapped over this. We will then need a sound of a knife cutting into another piece of metal, that we can get by recreating what it going on in the clip (cutting through a can). After this we will then need a sound of the main character throwing the items on the floor. At the ending of the clip we will need the beeping sound the road runner uses in the cartoon, and to get this we will have to get this from the internet followed by an impact sound that we can get followed by a breaking sound that we can get from the internet also.

Over the whole clip we will get a soundtrack to cover the white noise making it more interesting from youtube, keeping in mind that it cant be copyrighted.